Optimization and increasing the reliability of monopole antennas by using encapsulating materials in secure AUV communications

Varamini, Gohar

Optimization and increasing the reliability of monopole antennas by using encapsulating materials in secure AUV communications

Document Type : Original Article

Author

gohar varamini

Department of Electrical Engineering, Bey. C., Islamic Azad University, Beyza, Iran

Abstract

Introduction:Reliable and secure wireless communication is essential for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), where compact antenna systems with high isolation and stable performance are required despite severe space constraints. This study proposes a compact encapsulated monopole diversity antenna designed to improve communication reliability while minimizing mutual coupling between antenna elements.
Methods:A dual-band encapsulated monopole antenna with a shared circular radiator was designed and fabricated on an FR4 epoxy substrate (dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02). The antenna incorporates two perpendicular feed structures, radiator slots, a dumbbell-shaped radiator, and a ground stub to enhance impedance matching and isolation. The overall antenna dimensions are 11.4 × 5.3 × 1.6 mm, operating at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Its performance was evaluated through simulated and experimental analyses, including S-parameters, return loss, radiation patterns, diversity gain, and envelope correlation.
Findings:The proposed antenna achieved excellent impedance matching with a return loss of approximately 25 dB at both operating frequencies. The shared-radiator configuration significantly reduced the antenna size while maintaining high performance. Both simulated and measured results demonstrated approximately 20 dB improvement in isolation compared with conventional directly coupled antenna elements. In addition, the antenna exhibited satisfactory radiation characteristics, low envelope correlation, and effective diversity performance, making it suitable for reliable wireless communication in compact platforms.
Conclusion:The proposed encapsulated dual-band monopole antenna provides a compact, lightweight, and high-isolation solution for unmanned surface and underwater platforms. Its shared-radiator architecture, enhanced impedance matching, and reduced mutual coupling improve communication reliability and system integration, making it a promising candidate for secure wireless applications in autonomous marine vehicles and other space-constrained systems.

Keywords

Encapsulating materials"

Monopole antenna"

Unmanned aerial vehicle"

, "

Return loss radiation pattern"

20.1001.1.28211553.1405.5.1.5.0

Subjects

Electromagnetism, electronics and cyber-electromagnetism (disturbance in waves, jamming, strong microwave waves, etc.)

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